Pronouns: Difference between revisions
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Casual pronouns are based on apparent gender. These are used with strangers, customers, family, and by the lower classes in most settings. You don't use them in formal settings. | Casual pronouns are based on apparent gender. These are used with strangers, customers, family, and by the lower classes in most settings. You don't use them in formal settings. | ||
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas, (many) Epicene alphas: ==== | ==== Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas, (many) Epicene alphas: ==== | ||
he/him/his/his/himself IPA: [hiː/hɪm/hɪz/hɪz/hɪmsɛlf] | he / him / his / his / himself - IPA Pronunciation: [hiː / hɪm / hɪz / hɪz / hɪmsɛlf] | ||
==== Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas, (many) Epicene omegas: ==== | ==== Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas, (many) Epicene omegas: ==== | ||
She/her/her/hers/herself IPA: [ʃiː/hɚ/hɚz/hɚz/hɚsɛlf] | She / her / her / hers / herself - IPA Pronunciation: [ʃiː / hɚ / hɚz / hɚz / hɚsɛlf] | ||
==== Kids, (some) Epicene alphas and omegas: ==== | ==== Kids, (some) Epicene alphas and omegas: ==== | ||
Hey/hem/heir/heirs/hemself IPA: [heɪ/hɛm/heɪɹ/heɪɹz/hɛmsɛlf] | Hey / hem / heir / heirs / hemself - IPA Pronunciation: [heɪ / hɛm / heɪɹ / heɪɹz / hɛmsɛlf] | ||
== Formal Pronouns: == | == Formal Pronouns: == | ||
Formal pronouns are based on reproductive role - whether you | Formal pronouns are based on reproductive role - whether you can<ref>Like many Earth systems, infertility is not considered. Infertile and [[trans]] people are grouped with the rest of their gender-dynamic group.</ref> [[sire]] or [[carry]] kids. These are used in legal settings, some schools, other formal situations, and by the upper classes in most settings. | ||
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Epicene alphas, Female alphas (Proginators/Sires): ==== | ==== Male alphas, Male betas, Epicene alphas, Female alphas (Proginators/Sires): ==== | ||
ile/loy/sor/sors/(themself) IPA: [ʌɪl/lɔɪ/sɔɹ/sɔɹz/ðɛmsɛlf] | ile / loy / sor / sors / (themself) - IPA Pronunciation: [ʌɪl / lɔɪ / sɔɹ / sɔɹz / ðɛmsɛlf] | ||
==== Female betas, Female omegas, Epicene omegas, Male omegas (Proginatrixes/Dams): ==== | ==== Female betas, Female omegas, Epicene omegas, Male omegas (Proginatrixes/Dams): ==== | ||
ele/ly/sor/sors/(themself) IPA: [iːl/liː/sɔɹ/sɔɹz/ðɛmsɛlf] | ele / ly / sor / sors / (themself) - IPA Pronunciation: [iːl / liː / sɔɹ / sɔɹz / ðɛmsɛlf] | ||
==== Kids: ==== | ==== Kids: ==== | ||
Hey/hem/heir/heirs/hemself IPA: [heɪ/hɛm/heɪɹ/heɪɹz/hɛmsɛlf] | Hey / hem / heir / heirs / hemself - IPA Pronunciation: [heɪ / hɛm / heɪɹ / heɪɹz / hɛmsɛlf] | ||
== Minor Pronouns: == | == Minor Pronouns: == | ||
Especially when talking about their role in [[packs]], betas can be respectfully referred to in the plural. | Especially when talking about their role in [[packs]], betas can be respectfully referred to in the plural. | ||
==== Male betas, female betas: ==== | ==== Male betas, female betas: ==== | ||
They/them/their/theirs/themself IPA: [ðeɪ/ðɛm/ðeɪɹ/ðeɪɹz/ðɛmsɛlf] | They / them / their / theirs / themself - IPA Pronunciation: [ðeɪ / ðɛm / ðeɪɹ / ðeɪɹz / ðɛmsɛlf] | ||
While these are often used disrespectfully, some Female alphas and Male omegas prefer gender-dynamic-specifc pronouns. These gender-dynamics have faced notable [[discrimination]] in the West - being seen as inferior members of their dynamic. Some have embraced their separateness from their wider gender and dynamic, while others consider separation another tool to discriminate against them. It's generally considered safest to not use these pronouns unless a person has requested you do. | While these are often used disrespectfully, some Female alphas and Male omegas prefer gender-dynamic-specifc pronouns. These gender-dynamics have faced notable [[discrimination|culture]] in the West - being seen as inferior members of their dynamic. Some have embraced their separateness from their wider gender and dynamic, while others consider separation another tool to discriminate against them. It's generally considered safest to not use these pronouns unless a person has requested you do. | ||
==== Female alphas: ==== | ==== Female alphas: ==== | ||
Hoon/henny/henner/henners/henself IPA: [huːn/hɛniː/hɛnɚ/hɛnɚz/hɛnsɛlf] | Hoon / henny / henner / henners / henself - IPA Pronunciation: [huːn / hɛniː / hɛnɚ / hɛnɚz / hɛnsɛlf] | ||
==== Male omegas: ==== | ==== Male omegas: ==== | ||
Han/hone/hans/hans/honeself IPA: [hæn/hoʊn/hænz/hænz/hoʊnsɛlf] | Han / hone / hans / hans / honeself - IPA Pronunciation: [hæn / hoʊn / hænz / hænz / hoʊnsɛlf] | ||
= Pronoun History = | = Pronoun History = | ||
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The Saxons brought the Germanic dynamic-based pronoun system. Here it is in its original form: | The Saxons brought the Germanic dynamic-based pronoun system. Here it is in its original form: | ||
==== Male alphas, Female alphas ==== | ==== Male alphas, Female alphas ==== | ||
Hē/hine/him/his | Hē / hine / him / his | ||
==== Male betas, Female betas ==== | ==== Male betas, Female betas ==== | ||
Hit/hit/him/his | Hit / hit / him / his | ||
==== Male omegas, Female omegas ==== | ==== Male omegas, Female omegas ==== | ||
Hēo/hīe/hire/hire | Hēo / hīe / hire / hire | ||
==== Plural ==== | ==== Plural ==== | ||
Hīe/hīe/him/heora | Hīe / hīe / him / heora | ||
This system is the origin of modern casual pronouns, but not until it had experienced significant alterations. | This system is the origin of modern casual pronouns, but not until it had experienced significant alterations. | ||
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Vikings had settlements in Scotland and Northern Britain starting in the 700s, and they were a Norse kingdom from 1015 until the Norman Invasion. Old Norse influenced Old English in many ways, including through its gender-based pronoun system. | Vikings had settlements in Scotland and Northern Britain starting in the 700s, and they were a Norse kingdom from 1015 until the Norman Invasion. Old Norse influenced Old English in many ways, including through its gender-based pronoun system. | ||
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas: ==== | ==== Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas: ==== | ||
Hann/hann/hǫ́num/hans | Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans | ||
==== Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas: ==== | ==== Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas: ==== | ||
Hǫ́n/hána/henni/hennar | Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar | ||
==== Plural ==== | ==== Plural ==== | ||
Þeir/þá/þeim/þeirra | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra | ||
== Norman Pronouns == | == Norman Pronouns == | ||
After the Norman Invasion in 1066, the Old French reproductive-based pronoun system was introduced. These remained mostly confined to the upper classes. This is due to many factors, but a major one was a disinclination of the Norman upper classes to bother learning the dynamics of their Anglo-Saxon servants. Appearance(/gender)-based systems became seen as demeaning, appropriate for lower classes who didn't deserve the effort of memorized dynamics. | After the Norman Invasion in 1066, the Old French reproductive-based pronoun system was introduced. These remained mostly confined to the upper classes. This is due to many factors, but a major one was a disinclination of the Norman upper classes to bother learning the dynamics of their Anglo-Saxon servants. Appearance(/gender)-based systems became seen as demeaning, appropriate for lower classes who didn't deserve the effort of memorized dynamics. | ||
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Female alphas: ==== | ==== Male alphas, Male betas, Female alphas: ==== | ||
il/le/li/lui/(son/sa/ses) | il / le / li / lui / (son / sa / ses) | ||
==== Female alphas, Female omegas, Female betas: ==== | ==== Female alphas, Female omegas, Female betas: ==== | ||
ele/la/li/(son/sa/ses) | ele / la / li / (son / sa / ses) | ||
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=== System 1 (Especially in the North): === | === System 1 (Especially in the North): === | ||
==== Male alphas, Male omegas: ==== | ==== Male alphas, Male omegas: ==== | ||
Hē/hine/him/his | Hann/hann/hǫ́num/hans | Hē / hine / him / his | Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans | ||
==== Female alphas, Female omegas: ==== | ==== Female alphas, Female omegas: ==== | ||
Hēo/hīe/hire/hire | Hǫ́n/hána/henni/hennar | Hēo / hīe / hire / hire | Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar | ||
==== Male betas, Female betas ==== | ==== Male betas, Female betas ==== | ||
Hīe/hīe/him/heora | Þeir/þá/þeim/þeirra | Hīe / hīe / him / heora | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra | ||
=== System 2: === | === System 2: === | ||
==== Male alphas, Female alphas ==== | ==== Male alphas, Female alphas ==== | ||
Hē/hine/him/his | Hē / hine / him / his | ||
==== Male betas, Female betas ==== | ==== Male betas, Female betas ==== | ||
Hīe/hīe/him/heora | Þeir/þá/þeim/þeirra | Hīe / hīe / him / heora | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra | ||
==== Male omegas, Female omegas ==== | ==== Male omegas, Female omegas ==== | ||
Hēo/hīe/hire/hire | Hēo / hīe / hire / hire | ||
=== System 3: (Mostly late, after influence from Old French) === | === System 3: (Mostly late, after influence from Old French) === | ||
==== Male alphas, Male betas: ==== | ==== Male alphas, Male betas: ==== | ||
Hē/hine/him/his | Hē / hine / him / his | ||
==== Female betas, Female omegas: ==== | ==== Female betas, Female omegas: ==== | ||
Hēo/hīe/hire/hire | Hēo / hīe / hire / hire | ||
==== Female alphas ==== | ==== Female alphas ==== | ||
Hǫ́n/hána/henni/hennar | Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar | ||
==== Male omegas ==== | ==== Male omegas ==== | ||
Hann/hann/hǫ́num/hans | Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans | ||
== Evolution into Modern English == | == Evolution into Modern English == | ||
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[[Category: Culture]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:35, 15 July 2025
Pronouns[edit]
There are two main sets of pronouns, and one minor set.
Casual Pronouns:[edit]
Casual pronouns are based on apparent gender. These are used with strangers, customers, family, and by the lower classes in most settings. You don't use them in formal settings.
Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas, (many) Epicene alphas:[edit]
he / him / his / his / himself - IPA Pronunciation: [hiː / hɪm / hɪz / hɪz / hɪmsɛlf]
Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas, (many) Epicene omegas:[edit]
She / her / her / hers / herself - IPA Pronunciation: [ʃiː / hɚ / hɚz / hɚz / hɚsɛlf]
Kids, (some) Epicene alphas and omegas:[edit]
Hey / hem / heir / heirs / hemself - IPA Pronunciation: [heɪ / hɛm / heɪɹ / heɪɹz / hɛmsɛlf]
Formal Pronouns:[edit]
Formal pronouns are based on reproductive role - whether you can[1] sire or carry kids. These are used in legal settings, some schools, other formal situations, and by the upper classes in most settings.
Male alphas, Male betas, Epicene alphas, Female alphas (Proginators/Sires):[edit]
ile / loy / sor / sors / (themself) - IPA Pronunciation: [ʌɪl / lɔɪ / sɔɹ / sɔɹz / ðɛmsɛlf]
Female betas, Female omegas, Epicene omegas, Male omegas (Proginatrixes/Dams):[edit]
ele / ly / sor / sors / (themself) - IPA Pronunciation: [iːl / liː / sɔɹ / sɔɹz / ðɛmsɛlf]
Kids:[edit]
Hey / hem / heir / heirs / hemself - IPA Pronunciation: [heɪ / hɛm / heɪɹ / heɪɹz / hɛmsɛlf]
Minor Pronouns:[edit]
Especially when talking about their role in packs, betas can be respectfully referred to in the plural.
Male betas, female betas:[edit]
They / them / their / theirs / themself - IPA Pronunciation: [ðeɪ / ðɛm / ðeɪɹ / ðeɪɹz / ðɛmsɛlf]
While these are often used disrespectfully, some Female alphas and Male omegas prefer gender-dynamic-specifc pronouns. These gender-dynamics have faced notable culture in the West - being seen as inferior members of their dynamic. Some have embraced their separateness from their wider gender and dynamic, while others consider separation another tool to discriminate against them. It's generally considered safest to not use these pronouns unless a person has requested you do.
Female alphas:[edit]
Hoon / henny / henner / henners / henself - IPA Pronunciation: [huːn / hɛniː / hɛnɚ / hɛnɚz / hɛnsɛlf]
Male omegas:[edit]
Han / hone / hans / hans / honeself - IPA Pronunciation: [hæn / hoʊn / hænz / hænz / hoʊnsɛlf]
Pronoun History[edit]
The Britain dealt with successive waves of invasion between 0-1100 AD. The Brythonic inhabitants were influenced by Roman, Saxon, Norse, and Norman invasions. See history for more details, but the affects on the pronoun system are shown here.
Note: In premodern times, the epicene gender was not recognized in the areas we are studying. Epicene alphas were grouped with Male alphas, and Epicene omegas with Female omegas.
Brythonic Pronouns:[edit]
The Britons/Angles had a gender-based pronoun system. Dynamics started appearing around the time of the Roman invasions starting 55 BC. The Britons adopted the Roman pronoun 'mīles' into a general beta pronoun, extending it from it's use for only Male betas. The pronoun was derived from the term for Male beta infantrymen, bands of whom were highly valued by the Roman military. These pronouns have no modern descendants in English.
Male alphas, Male omegas, (possibly some) Male betas:[edit]
Eβ̃
Female alphas, Female omegas, (possibly some) Female betas:[edit]
Hi
Male betas, Male omegas:[edit]
Miles
Anglo-Saxon (Old English) Pronouns:[edit]
The Saxons brought the Germanic dynamic-based pronoun system. Here it is in its original form:
Male alphas, Female alphas[edit]
Hē / hine / him / his
Male betas, Female betas[edit]
Hit / hit / him / his
Male omegas, Female omegas[edit]
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire
Plural[edit]
Hīe / hīe / him / heora
This system is the origin of modern casual pronouns, but not until it had experienced significant alterations.
Old Norse Pronouns[edit]
Vikings had settlements in Scotland and Northern Britain starting in the 700s, and they were a Norse kingdom from 1015 until the Norman Invasion. Old Norse influenced Old English in many ways, including through its gender-based pronoun system.
Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas:[edit]
Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans
Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas:[edit]
Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar
Plural[edit]
Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra
Norman Pronouns[edit]
After the Norman Invasion in 1066, the Old French reproductive-based pronoun system was introduced. These remained mostly confined to the upper classes. This is due to many factors, but a major one was a disinclination of the Norman upper classes to bother learning the dynamics of their Anglo-Saxon servants. Appearance(/gender)-based systems became seen as demeaning, appropriate for lower classes who didn't deserve the effort of memorized dynamics.
Male alphas, Male betas, Female alphas:[edit]
il / le / li / lui / (son / sa / ses)
Female alphas, Female omegas, Female betas:[edit]
ele / la / li / (son / sa / ses)
Mixed Systems[edit]
English pronoun systems showed a lot of variation over the late Old English and Early Middle English periods. Gender-based systems coexisted with dynamic-based and mixed systems. Anglo-Saxon terms coexisted with Old Norse terms. Here are three of the most common systems we see in the literature:
System 1 (Especially in the North):[edit]
Male alphas, Male omegas:[edit]
Hē / hine / him / his | Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans
Female alphas, Female omegas:[edit]
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire | Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar
Male betas, Female betas[edit]
Hīe / hīe / him / heora | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra
System 2:[edit]
Male alphas, Female alphas[edit]
Hē / hine / him / his
Male betas, Female betas[edit]
Hīe / hīe / him / heora | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra
Male omegas, Female omegas[edit]
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire
System 3: (Mostly late, after influence from Old French)[edit]
Male alphas, Male betas:[edit]
Hē / hine / him / his
Female betas, Female omegas:[edit]
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire
Female alphas[edit]
Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar
Male omegas[edit]
Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans
Evolution into Modern English[edit]
Modern Male (from Old English):[edit]
Hē → He
hine/him → him
his → his
Modern Female (from Old English):[edit]
Hēo → She
hīe/hire → her
hire → her/hers
Modern Child and Epicene (from Old English, with influence from Old Norse):[edit]
Hīe → Hey
hīe/him → hem
heora → heir/heirs
Modern Beta and Plural (from Old Norse, with influence from Old English):[edit]
Þeir → They
þá/þeim→ them
þeirra → their/theirs
Modern Female Alpha (from Old Norse):[edit]
Hǫ́n → Hoon
hána/henni → henny
hennar → henner/henners
Modern Male Omega (from Old Norse):[edit]
Hann → Han
hann/hǫ́num → hone
hans → hans/hans
Proginator/Sire:[edit]
il → ile
le/li/lui → loy
son/sa/ses → sor/sors
Proginatrix/Dam:[edit]
ele → ele
la/li → ly
son/sa/ses → sor/sors (with influence from Middle English 'her')