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Created page with "There are two main sets of pronouns, and one minor set. Casual Pronouns: Casual pronouns are based on apparent gender. These are used with strangers, customers, family, and by the lower classes in most settings. You don't use them in formal settings. Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas, (many) Epicene alphas: he/him/his/his/himself Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas, (many) Epicene omegas: She/her/her/hers/herself Kids, (some) Epicene alphas and omegas: Hey/hem..."
 
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= Pronouns =
There are two main sets of pronouns, and one minor set.
There are two main sets of pronouns, and one minor set.


Casual Pronouns:
== Casual Pronouns: ==
Casual pronouns are based on apparent gender. These are used with strangers, customers, family, and by the lower classes in most settings. You don't use them in formal settings.
Casual pronouns are based on apparent gender. These are used with strangers, customers, family, and by the lower classes in most settings. You don't use them in formal settings.
Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas, (many) Epicene alphas:
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas, (many) Epicene alphas: ====
he/him/his/his/himself
he / him / his / his / himself - IPA Pronunciation: [hiː / hɪm / hɪz / hɪz / hɪmsɛlf]
Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas, (many) Epicene omegas:
==== Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas, (many) Epicene omegas: ====
She/her/her/hers/herself
She / her / her / hers / herself - IPA Pronunciation: [ʃiː / hɚ / hɚz / hɚz / hɚsɛlf]
Kids, (some) Epicene alphas and omegas:
==== Kids, (some) Epicene alphas and omegas: ====
Hey/hem/heir/heirs/hemself  
Hey / hem / heir / heirs / hemself - IPA Pronunciation: [heɪ / hɛm / heɪɹ / heɪɹz / hɛmsɛlf]


Formal Pronouns:
== Formal Pronouns: ==
Formal pronouns are based on reproductive role - whether you can¹ [[sire]] or [[carry]] kids. These are used in legal settings, some schools, other formal situations, and by the upper classes in most settings.
Formal pronouns are based on reproductive role - whether you can<ref>Like many Earth systems, infertility is not considered. Infertile and [[trans]] people are grouped with the rest of their gender-dynamic group.</ref> [[sire]] or [[carry]] kids. These are used in legal settings, some schools, other formal situations, and by the upper classes in most settings.
Male alphas, Male betas, Epicene alphas, Female alphas:
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Epicene alphas, Female alphas (Proginators/Sires): ====
ile/loy/sor/sors/(themself)
ile / loy / sor / sors / (themself) - IPA Pronunciation: [ʌɪl / lɔɪ / sɔɹ / sɔɹz / ðɛmsɛlf]
Female betas, Female omegas, Epicene omegas, Male omegas:
==== Female betas, Female omegas, Epicene omegas, Male omegas (Proginatrixes/Dams): ====
ele/ly/sor/sors/(themself)
ele / ly / sor / sors / (themself) - IPA Pronunciation: [iːl / liː / sɔɹ / sɔɹz / ðɛmsɛlf]
Kids:
==== Kids: ====
Hey/hem/heir/heirs/hemself  
Hey / hem / heir / heirs / hemself - IPA Pronunciation: [heɪ / hɛm / heɪɹ / heɪɹz / hɛmsɛlf]


Minor Pronouns:
== Minor Pronouns: ==
The [[history]] on English pronouns is complex. Other pronouns that are still in use are:
Especially when talking about their role in [[packs]], betas can be respectfully referred to in the plural.  
Especially when talking about their role in [[packs]], betas can be respectfully referred to in the plural.  
Male betas, female betas:
==== Male betas, female betas: ====
They/them/their/theirs/themself
They / them / their / theirs / themself - IPA Pronunciation: [ðeɪ / ðɛm / ðeɪɹ / ðeɪɹz / ðɛmsɛlf]
While these are often used disrespectfully, some Female alphas and Male omegas prefer gender-dynamic-specifc pronouns. These gender-dynamics have faced notable [[discrimination]] in the West - being seen as inferior members of their dynamic. Some have embraced their separateness from their wider gender and dynamic, while others consider separation another tool to discriminate against them. It's generally considered safest to not use these pronouns unless a person has requested you do.
Female alphas:
Hoon/henny/henner/henners/henself
Male omegas:
Han/hone/hans/hans/honeself


Pronoun History
While these are often used disrespectfully, some Female alphas and Male omegas prefer gender-dynamic-specifc pronouns. These gender-dynamics have faced notable [[discrimination|culture]] in the West - being seen as inferior members of their dynamic. Some have embraced their separateness from their wider gender and dynamic, while others consider separation another tool to discriminate against them. It's generally considered safest to not use these pronouns unless a person has requested you do.
==== Female alphas: ====
Hoon / henny / henner / henners / henself - IPA Pronunciation: [huːn / hɛniː / hɛnɚ / hɛnɚz / hɛnsɛlf]
==== Male omegas: ====
Han / hone / hans / hans / honeself - IPA Pronunciation: [hæn / hoʊn / hænz / hænz / hoʊnsɛlf]
 
= Pronoun History =
The Britain dealt with successive waves of invasion between 0-1100 AD. The Brythonic inhabitants were influenced by Roman, Saxon, Norse, and Norman invasions. See [[history]] for more details, but the affects on the pronoun system are shown here.
The Britain dealt with successive waves of invasion between 0-1100 AD. The Brythonic inhabitants were influenced by Roman, Saxon, Norse, and Norman invasions. See [[history]] for more details, but the affects on the pronoun system are shown here.


Brythonic Pronouns:
''Note: In premodern times, the [[epicene]] gender was not recognized in the areas we are studying. Epicene alphas were grouped with Male alphas, and Epicene omegas with Female omegas.''
The Britons/Angles had a gender-based pronoun system. Dynamics started appearing around the time of the Roman invasions starting 55 BC. The Britons adopted the Roman pronoun 'mīles' into a general beta pronoun, extending it from it's use for only Male betas. The pronoun was derived from the term for Male beta infantrymen, [[band]]s of whom were highly valued by the Roman military.
 
Male alphas, Male omegas, (possibly some) Male betas:
== Brythonic Pronouns: ==
The Britons/Angles had a gender-based pronoun system. Dynamics started appearing around the time of the Roman invasions starting 55 BC. The Britons adopted the Roman pronoun 'mīles' into a general beta pronoun, extending it from it's use for only Male betas. The pronoun was derived from the term for Male beta infantrymen, [[band]]s of whom were highly valued by the Roman military. These pronouns have no modern descendants in English.
==== Male alphas, Male omegas, (possibly some) Male betas: ====
Eβ̃  
Eβ̃  
Female alphas, Female omegas, (possibly some) Female betas:
==== Female alphas, Female omegas, (possibly some) Female betas: ====
Hi
Hi
Male betas, Male omegas:
==== Male betas, Male omegas: ====
Miles
Miles


Anglo-Saxon Pronouns:
== Anglo-Saxon (Old English) Pronouns: ==
The Saxons brought the Germanic dynamic-based pronoun system.  
The Saxons brought the Germanic dynamic-based pronoun system. Here it is in its original form:
<<CONTINUE>>
==== Male alphas, Female alphas ====
Hē / hine / him / his
==== Male betas, Female betas ====
Hit / hit / him / his
==== Male omegas, Female omegas ====
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire
==== Plural ====
Hīe / hīe / him / heora
 
This system is the origin of modern casual pronouns, but not until it had experienced significant alterations.
 
== Old Norse Pronouns ==
Vikings had settlements in Scotland and Northern Britain starting in the 700s, and they were a Norse kingdom from 1015 until the Norman Invasion. Old Norse influenced Old English in many ways, including through its gender-based pronoun system.
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Male omegas: ====
Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans
==== Female alphas, Female betas, Female omegas: ====
Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar
==== Plural ====
Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra
 
== Norman Pronouns ==
After the Norman Invasion in 1066, the Old French reproductive-based pronoun system was introduced. These remained mostly confined to the upper classes. This is due to many factors, but a major one was a disinclination of the Norman upper classes to bother learning the dynamics of their Anglo-Saxon servants. Appearance(/gender)-based systems became seen as demeaning, appropriate for lower classes who didn't deserve the effort of memorized dynamics.
==== Male alphas, Male betas, Female alphas: ====
il / le / li / lui / (son / sa / ses)
==== Female alphas, Female omegas, Female betas: ====
ele / la / li / (son / sa / ses)
 
 
== Mixed Systems ==
English pronoun systems showed a lot of variation over the late Old English and Early Middle English periods. Gender-based systems coexisted with dynamic-based and mixed systems. Anglo-Saxon terms coexisted with Old Norse terms. Here are three of the most common systems we see in the literature:
=== System 1 (Especially in the North): ===
==== Male alphas, Male omegas: ====
Hē / hine / him / his | Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans
==== Female alphas, Female omegas: ====
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire  | Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar
==== Male betas, Female betas ====
Hīe / hīe / him / heora | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra
=== System 2: ===
==== Male alphas, Female alphas ====
Hē / hine / him / his
==== Male betas, Female betas ====
Hīe / hīe / him / heora | Þeir / þá / þeim / þeirra
==== Male omegas, Female omegas ====
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire
=== System 3: (Mostly late, after influence from Old French) ===
==== Male alphas, Male betas: ====
Hē / hine / him / his
==== Female betas, Female omegas: ====
Hēo / hīe / hire / hire
==== Female alphas ====
Hǫ́n / hána / henni / hennar
==== Male omegas ====
Hann / hann / hǫ́num / hans


Casual pronouns are descended from Old English. These pronouns survived the Norman Invasion due to many factors, but a major one was a disinclination of the Norman upper classes to bother learning the dynamics of their Anglo-Saxon servants. These pronouns
== Evolution into Modern English ==
Old English Pronouns:
==== Modern Male (from Old English): ====
Male:
Hē → He
Hē → He
hine/him → him
hine/him → him
his → his
his → his


Female:
==== Modern Female (from Old English): ====
Hēo → She
Hēo → She
hīe/hire → her
hīe/hire → her
hire → her/hers
hire → her/hers


Plural (now Epicene):
==== Modern Child and Epicene (from Old English, with influence from Old Norse): ====
Hīe → Hey
Hīe → Hey
hīe/him → hem
hīe/him → hem
heora → heir/heirs
heora → heir/heirs


Formal Pronouns are descended from Old French. They were introduced following the Norman Invasion in 1066.
==== Modern Beta and Plural (from Old Norse, with influence from Old English): ====
Old French Pronouns:
Þeir → They
Proginator ([[sire]]):
 
þá/þeim→ them
 
þeirra → their/theirs
 
==== Modern Female Alpha (from Old Norse): ====
Hǫ́n → Hoon
 
hána/henni → henny
 
hennar → henner/henners
 
==== Modern Male Omega (from Old Norse): ====
Hann → Han
 
hann/hǫ́num → hone
 
hans → hans/hans
 
==== Proginator/[[sire|Sire]]: ====
il → ile
il → ile
le/li/lui → loy
le/li/lui → loy
son/sa/ses → sor/sors
son/sa/ses → sor/sors


Proginatrix ([[dam]]):
==== Proginatrix/[[dam|Dam]]: ====
ele → ele
ele → ele
la/li → ly
la/li → ly
son/sa/ses → sor/sors


Minor Pronouns are descended from Old Norse. Vikings had settlements in Scotland and Northern Britain starting in the 700s, and were Norse kingdoms from 1015 until the Norman Invasion. Old Norse influenced Old English in many ways, including its pronoun system.
son/sa/ses → sor/sors (with influence from Middle English 'her')
 


<references />


¹ Like many Earth systems, infertility is not considered. Infertile and [[trans]] people are grouped with the rest of their gender-dynamic group.
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